In this post, I will show you some easy rules which will help you to detect the masculine and feminine nouns in Hindi.
Masculine nouns are called (पुल्लिंग संज्ञा – Pulling Sangya) whereas, the feminine nouns are called (स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा – Striling Sangya). As you have already guessed it, noun is called (संज्ञा – Sangya).
Masculine Nouns (पुल्लिंग संज्ञा – Pulling Sangya)
There are certain nouns which are always masculine and can be classified as such,
1. Words which end in sound of “aa” (आ) such as कपडा (Kapada – Cloth), लोहा (Loha – Iron) etc.
2. Name of the countries (देश – Desh) such as भारत (Bharat – India), जर्मनी (Germany), फ्रांस (France) etc.
3. Name of the mountains (पर्वत – Parvat) such as हिमालय (Himalaya), कैलाश (Kailash), आरावली (Aaraavali) etc.
4. Name of the planets (ग्रह – Grah) such as मंगल (Mangal – Mars), शनि (Shani – Saturn), बुध (Budh – Jupitar) etc.
5. Name of the metals (धातु – Dhatu) such as सोना (Sona -Gold), चांदी (Chandi – Silver) etc.
6. Name of the days (दिन – Din) such as सोमवार (Somvaar – Monday), मंगल (Mangalvaar – Tuesday) etc.
7. Name of the seas (सागर – Sagar) such as हिंद महासागर (Hind Mahasagar – Indian Ocean), अरब सागर (Arab Sagar – Arabic Ocean) etc.
8. Name of the stones (पत्थर – Parvat) such as हीरा (Hira – Diamond), मोती (Moti – Pearl) etc.
2. Name of the countries (देश – Desh) such as भारत (Bharat – India), जर्मनी (Germany), फ्रांस (France) etc.
3. Name of the mountains (पर्वत – Parvat) such as हिमालय (Himalaya), कैलाश (Kailash), आरावली (Aaraavali) etc.
4. Name of the planets (ग्रह – Grah) such as मंगल (Mangal – Mars), शनि (Shani – Saturn), बुध (Budh – Jupitar) etc.
5. Name of the metals (धातु – Dhatu) such as सोना (Sona -Gold), चांदी (Chandi – Silver) etc.
6. Name of the days (दिन – Din) such as सोमवार (Somvaar – Monday), मंगल (Mangalvaar – Tuesday) etc.
7. Name of the seas (सागर – Sagar) such as हिंद महासागर (Hind Mahasagar – Indian Ocean), अरब सागर (Arab Sagar – Arabic Ocean) etc.
8. Name of the stones (पत्थर – Parvat) such as हीरा (Hira – Diamond), मोती (Moti – Pearl) etc.
Feminine Noun (स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा – Striling Sangya)
There are certain noun which are always feminine and can be classified as such,
1. Words which end in sound of “ee” (ई) such as रोटी (Roti – Flat Bread), बेटी (Beti – Daughter) etc.
2. Name of the languages (भाषा – Bhasha) such as हिंदी (Hindi), अंग्रेज़ी (Angrezi – English), चीनी (Chini – Chinese) etc.
3. Name of the rivers (नदी – Nadi) such as यमुना (Yamuna), गंगा (Ganga), सरस्वती (Saraswati) etc.
4. Words which ends with sound “ta” (ता), “aee” (आई), “aavat” (आवट), “iya” (इया) such as सुन्दरता (Sundarata – Beauty), बुराई (Buraee – badness), सजावट (Sajaavat – Decoration) etc.
5. Name of the weapons (शास्त्र – Shastra) such as बन्दूक (Banduk – gun), तलवार (Talvaar – Sword), तोप (Toap – Cannon) etc.
2. Name of the languages (भाषा – Bhasha) such as हिंदी (Hindi), अंग्रेज़ी (Angrezi – English), चीनी (Chini – Chinese) etc.
3. Name of the rivers (नदी – Nadi) such as यमुना (Yamuna), गंगा (Ganga), सरस्वती (Saraswati) etc.
4. Words which ends with sound “ta” (ता), “aee” (आई), “aavat” (आवट), “iya” (इया) such as सुन्दरता (Sundarata – Beauty), बुराई (Buraee – badness), सजावट (Sajaavat – Decoration) etc.
5. Name of the weapons (शास्त्र – Shastra) such as बन्दूक (Banduk – gun), तलवार (Talvaar – Sword), तोप (Toap – Cannon) etc.
Some of the noun are used for both masculine and feminine like कोयल, उल्लू etc. To differentiate between the two, we need to add a prefix “नर”(Nar) for masculine and“मादा” (Maada) for feminine. So, it will be नर कोयल (Nar Koyal) for Mas. Cuckoo andमादा उल्लू (Maada Ullu) for Fem. Owl.
Some nouns are not clear and can only be found from the context1. For example :
1. प्रधानमंत्री कल जा रहे हैं. – Pradhanmantri kal ja rahe hain – Prime Minster is going tomorrow.
Here “रहे हैं” – jaa rahe (is going) indicate the Prime Minister is Masculine with “रहे” (declension from Raha (Mas. Singular) to Rahe (Formal Mas. Singular or Plural) )
Here “रहे हैं” – jaa rahe (is going) indicate the Prime Minister is Masculine with “रहे” (declension from Raha (Mas. Singular) to Rahe (Formal Mas. Singular or Plural) )
2. प्रधानमंत्री दिल्ली जा रही हैं. – Pradhanmantri dilli ja rahi hain – Prime Minister is going to Delhi.
Here “रही हैं” – jaa rahe (is going) indicate the Prime Minister is Feminine with “रही” (Rahi) which is feminine as per our rule no. 1 from above for feminine nouns.
Here “रही हैं” – jaa rahe (is going) indicate the Prime Minister is Feminine with “रही” (Rahi) which is feminine as per our rule no. 1 from above for feminine nouns.
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Os substantivos masculinos e femininos em Hindi
Neste post, vou mostrar-lhe algumas regras simples que irá ajudá-lo a detectar os substantivos masculinos e femininos em hindi.
Substantivos masculinos são chamados (पुल्लिंग संज्ञा - Puxando Sangya), enquanto que, os substantivos femininos são chamados (स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा - Striling Sangya). Como você já deve ter adivinhado que, substantivo é chamado (संज्ञा - Sangya).
Masculine Substantivos (पुल्लिंग संज्ञा - Puxando Sangya)
Há certos substantivos que são sempre masculino e pode ser classificada como tal,
1. As palavras que terminam em som de "aa" (आ), tais como कपडा (Kapada - Tecido), लोहा (Loha - Iron) etc.
2. Nome dos países (देश - Desh), tais como भारत (Bharat - Índia), जर्मनी (Alemanha), फ्रांस (França) etc.
3. Nome das montanhas (पर्वत - Parvat), tais como हिमालय (Himalaia), कैलाश (Kailash), आरावली (Aaraavali) etc.
4. Nome dos planetas (ग्रह - Grah), tais como मंगल (Mangal - Mars), शनि (Shani - Saturn), बुध (Budh - Jupitar) etc.
5. O nome dos metais (धातु - Dhatu), tais como सोना (Sona -Gold), चांदी (Chandi - Silver) etc.
6. Nome dos dias (दिन - Din), tais como सोमवार (Somvaar - segunda-feira), मंगल (Mangalvaar - terça-feira) etc.
7. Nome dos mares (सागर - Sagar), tais como हिंद महासागर (Hind Mahasagar - Oceano Índico), अरब सागर (Sagar árabe - árabe Oceano) etc.
8. O nome das pedras (पत्थर - Parvat), tais como हीरा (Hira - Diamond), मोती (Moti - Pearl) etc.
Substantivo feminino (स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा - Striling Sangya)
Há certos substantivo que são sempre feminino e pode ser classificada como tal,
1. As palavras que terminam em som de "ee" (ई), tais como रोटी (Roti - pão achatado), बेटी (Beti - Filha) etc.
2. Nome das línguas (भाषा - Bhasha), tais como हिंदी (Hindi), अंग्रेज़ी (Angrezi - Inglês), चीनी (Chini - Chinês) etc.
3. Nome dos rios (नदी - Nadi), tais como यमुना (Yamuna), गंगा (Ganga), सरस्वती (Saraswati) etc.
4. Palavras que termina com o som "ta" (ता), "aee" (आई), "aavat" (आवट), "iya" (इया), tais como सुन्दरता (Sundarata - Beleza), बुराई (Buraee - maldade), सजावट (Sajaavat - Decoração) etc.
5. O nome das armas (शास्त्र - Shastra), tais como बन्दूक (Banduk - gun), तलवार (Talvaar - Espada), तोप (TOAP - Cannon) etc.
Alguns do substantivo são usadas tanto para masculino e feminino como कोयल, उल्लू etc. Para diferenciar entre os dois, precisamos adicionar um prefixo "नर" (Nar) para o masculino e "मादा" (Maada) para feminino. Assim, ele será नर कोयल (Nar Koyal) para Mas. Cuckoo e मादा उल्लू (Maada Ullu) para Fem. Coruja.
Alguns substantivos não são claras e só pode ser encontrado a partir do context1. Por exemplo:
1. प्रधानमंत्री कल जा रहे हैं. - Pradhanmantri kal ja rahe Hain - O primeiro-ministro vai amanhã.
Here "रहे हैं" - jaa rahe (vai) indicar o primeiro-ministro é masculino com "रहे" (.. Declinação de Raha (Mas Singular) para Rahe (Formal Mas singular ou plural))
2. प्रधानमंत्री दिल्ली जा रही हैं. - Pradhanmantri dilli ja rahi Hain - O primeiro-ministro vai Delhi.
Here "रही हैं" - jaa rahe (vai) indicar o primeiro-ministro é feminino com "रही" (Rahi), que é feminino como por nossa regra de não. 1 a partir de cima para substantivos femininos.