Grupo de cinco países em desenvolvimento se reúne a partir de hoje no Brasil, com presença da convidada Argentina
O presidente Russo, Vladimir Putin, já está no Brasil para participar do evento
Foto: ALEXEI NIKOLSKY / RIA-NOVOSTI/AFP
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O Brics (em inglês, "bricks" significa "tijolos"), grupo que representa os países emergentes como forma de se contrapor às potências, é integrado por Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul.
Tanto Argentina quanto Rússia precisam colocar tijolos na construção de um condomínio capaz de lhes dar sustentação em um momento de fragilidade.
No caso argentino, trata-se de buscar apoio na crise com os credores especulativos que lhe cobram judicialmente 100% do valor dos títulos não renegociados de sua dívida externa – são 7% do total de credores (os outros 93% aceitaram a reestruturação, mas poderão vir a cobrar o mesmo, alegando isonomia).
No caso russo, a tentativa é de amenizar o isolamento ao qual o país se submeteu durante o confronto na Ucrânia.
No caso argentino, trata-se de buscar apoio na crise com os credores especulativos que lhe cobram judicialmente 100% do valor dos títulos não renegociados de sua dívida externa – são 7% do total de credores (os outros 93% aceitaram a reestruturação, mas poderão vir a cobrar o mesmo, alegando isonomia).
No caso russo, a tentativa é de amenizar o isolamento ao qual o país se submeteu durante o confronto na Ucrânia.
— A cúpula do Brics será um palco para que Putin (presidente Vladimir Putin, da Rússia) e Cristina (a presidente Cristina Kirchner, da Argentina) falem ao mundo e se mostrem dentro de uma zona de influência que não depende dos grandes do Ocidente — diz a professora Deisy Ventura, do Instituto de Relações Internacionais da Universidade de São Paulo (USP).
Deisy considera o encontro estratégico, em especial, para a Argentina, curiosamente o país que não integra o grupo – ao menos por ora, uma vez que a China defende seu ingresso, possivelmente com o apoio de peso da Rússia. Essa possibilidade se tornou mais clara no sábado, quando Putin visitou Cristina em Buenos Aires, na vinda para o Brasil, e ambos falaram em "aliança estratégica".
— Para a Argentina, em especial, é uma luz no fim do túnel, porque o Brics deve anunciar finalmente o acordo sobre seu banco de desenvolvimento, que, se der certo, poderá trazer novo equilíbrio entre as instituições financeiras que hoje existem — estima a professora da USP.
Há anos a Rússia defende a inclusão argentina ao grupo. Com a crise da dívida, esse apelo ganhou em urgência e arrebanhou a China. A questão não se resume ao apoio para o país sul-americano, que busca um plano de pagamento o mais indolor possível.
Há o temor de que a vitória dos "fundos abutres" na Justiça dos Estados Unidos tome um caráter sistêmico, atingindo mais adiante outros países que tiveram a economia irrigada pelo capital especulativo.
Há o temor de que a vitória dos "fundos abutres" na Justiça dos Estados Unidos tome um caráter sistêmico, atingindo mais adiante outros países que tiveram a economia irrigada pelo capital especulativo.
A reunião do Brics deverá dar prioridade às discussões em torno da criação do banco de desenvolvimento dos cinco países, o que lhes daria uma coesão hoje inexistente. A meta é que seja uma alternativa ao Banco Internacional de Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento (Bird), o Banco Mundial. Além do capital de US$ 100 bilhões a que pretende chegar, a palavra "alternativa" é música aos ouvidos argentinos.
E será esse mesmo o tom do encontro em Fortaleza. Diante do fraco desempenho econômico de Brasil e Rússia, os presidentes dos países do Brics tentarão mudar o tom para sublinhar, em vez da importância dos emergentes na recuperação global depois da crise, a opção representada pelo grupo, combinando crescimento com redução da desigualdade. Será essa, aliás, a principal mensagem na declaração da cúpula.
Foco principal é mostrar crescimento com inclusão
Na largada para a campanha de reeleição, a presidente Dilma Rousseff terá a oportunidade de defender, com apoio de quatro das maiores economias do mundo, a ideia de que aquilo que está sendo feito no Brasil é o melhor, mesmo sem crescimento elevado.
Como anfitrião, o Brasil tem poder de influenciar o tema central da cúpula e a declaração final. Mesmo que os assuntos centrais do encontro sejam a implementação do banco de desenvolvimento do Brics e a criação do Arranjo Contingente de Reservas (CRA, na sigla em inglês), o tema proposto pelo Brasil é "Crescimento inclusivo, soluções sustentáveis".
Como anfitrião, o Brasil tem poder de influenciar o tema central da cúpula e a declaração final. Mesmo que os assuntos centrais do encontro sejam a implementação do banco de desenvolvimento do Brics e a criação do Arranjo Contingente de Reservas (CRA, na sigla em inglês), o tema proposto pelo Brasil é "Crescimento inclusivo, soluções sustentáveis".
A intenção é mostrar que há outros modelos de desenvolvimento e que o Brics não é apenas um simples acrônimo (palavra que junta iniciais, muitas vezes de forma aleatória) ou um agrupamento de economias emergentes em rápido crescimento. Seria uma alternativa de países que conseguiram crescer diminuindo desigualdade e pobreza, mesmo que os índices ainda sejam altos. A plenária dos presidentes, amanhã, deverá ser centrada na ideia de que os cinco Brics são um exemplo de "fazer melhor para mais gente".
A AGENDA
• A cúpula começa nesta segunda-feira, 14, no Centro de Eventos do Ceará, com reunião da área econômica.
• Na terça, 15, às 10h, os chefes de Estado fazem a primeira sessão de trabalho.
• Às 15h, está prevista a assinatura de atos e discurso dos líderes.
• Às 18h, seguem para Brasília, onde a cúpula termina na quarta-feira.
Um banco para unir cinco países com vocações diferentes
O Brics criará seu banco de desenvolvimento, com funções semelhantes às de outras instituições internacionais do gênero. O nome: Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento (NDB). Esse será o principal anúncio da cúpula que se inicia hoje. A instituição terá sede em Xangai ou Nova Délhi, com aporte inicial de US$ 10 bilhões.
O subsecretário de assuntos políticos do Ministério de Relações Exteriores, o embaixador José Alfredo Graça Lima, enfatizou que o banco de desenvolvimento e também o fundo de socorro que serão criados pelo Brics durante a cúpula em Fortaleza são resposta à falta de mudanças no Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI).
— Os países do Brics têm propostas de reforma do FMI que não estão sendo atendidas por razões conhecidas. De certa maneira, a criação do Arranjo (o Arranjo Contingente de Reservas, CRA, instituição de socorro) e do banco atende a essa necessidade — disse Graça Lima. – Mas não apenas isso. À medida que o banco e o arranjo são espelhos do Banco Mundial e do FMI, mostram a capacidade do Brics de não depender dessas instituições.
Em 2010, o FMI aprovou reformas que visam dar maior peso a países emergentes, em detrimento das economias desenvolvidas, que perderam espaço no cenário mundial com a crise de 2008. A aprovação das mudanças, porém, encontra resistência justamente nos países que perdem espaço.
Para a Rússia, o tema financeiro é relevante, já que a crise ucraniana isolou o país. Excluído do G-8, Moscou está à beira da recessão devido à ameaça de sanções internacionais que pairam sobre sua economia. Graça Lima adiantou que a Declaração de Fortaleza, documento resultante do encontro, terá cerca de 50 parágrafos, e sua versão preliminar já está em análise pelas lideranças que representam cada país junto ao grupo. A ideia é que hoje, quando os ministros da área econômica farão reunião de trabalho, já haja a versão final.
O desafio é mostrar unidade e pujança. O Council on Foreign Relations (entidade americana, com sede em Nova York, destinada a monitorar a política internacional) nem sequer previu a reunião no seu calendário de eventos. O Brics não tem mecanismos de consulta para tomar decisões comuns. São países de naturezas, envergaduras e interesses diferentes. O NDB seria o catalizador.
Prime Minister meets President Xi Jinping of China in Fortaliza, Brazil on the sidelines of 6th BRICS Summit. Photo courtesy: M. Asokan, Photo Division (July 14, 2014)
Prime Minister meets President Xi Jinping of China in Fortaliza, Brazil on the sidelines of 6th BRICS Summit. Photo courtesy: M. Asokan, Photo Division (July 14, 2014)
After the World Cup, Brazil will be another international event, topping a table noqual between Russia and Argentina scenario - but in diplomatic and economic context. Not coincidentally, it was Russia who invited Argentina to attend the 6th Summit of the BRICS, in Fortaleza, in a moment of extreme stress experienced by the two countries, each in its hemisphere and its peculiarities.
Read all the latest news from Zero Hour
The BRICs (in English, "bricks" means "brick"), a group representing the emerging countries as a way of counteracting the powers, is made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Both Argentina and Russia need to put bricks in the construction of a condominium able to give them support in a moment of weakness.
In the Argentine case, it is seeking support in crisis speculative lenders who charge him in court 100% of the value of securities not renegotiated its debt - is 7% of creditors (the other 93% accepted the restructuring, but may come to the same charge, claiming equality).
In the Russian case, the attempt is to ease the isolation to which the country underwent during the confrontation in Ukraine.
- The summit of the Brics will be a stage for Putin (President Vladimir Putin of Russia) and Cristina (President Cristina Kirchner of Argentina) speak to the world and prove within a zone of influence that does not depend on large West - she says Deisy Ventura, Institute of International Relations, University of São Paulo (USP).
Deisy considers the strategic meeting, especially to Argentina, the country that curiously not part of the group - at least for now, since China defends his ticket, possibly with the support of the Russian weight. This possibility became clearer on Saturday when Putin visited Cristina in Buenos Aires, on coming to Brazil, and both spoke on "strategic alliance".
- For Argentina, in particular, is a light at the end of the tunnel, because the BRICs should finally announce the agreement on its development bank, which, if it works, can bring new balance between financial institutions that exist today - estimates USP professor.
For years Russia advocates the inclusion Argentine group. With the debt crisis, this appeal has gained in urgency and herded China. The issue is not limited to support for the South American country, seeking a payment plan as painless as possible.
There is a fear that the victory of "vulture funds" in the United States Justice take a systemic character, later reaching other countries that had irrigated economy by speculative capital.
The meeting of the Brics must give priority to discussions around the creation of the Development Bank of the five countries, which would give them a nonexistent today cohesion. The goal is to be an alternative to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the World Bank. Besides capital of $ 100 billion that aims to reach the word "alternative" is music to the ears Argentines.
And is this even the tone of the meeting in Fortaleza. Given the poor economic performance of Brazil and Russia, the presidents of the BRIC countries will try to change the tone to emphasize instead the importance of the emerging global recovery after the crisis, the option represented by the group, combining growth with reducing inequality. Is this indeed the main message in the summit declaration.
Main focus is to show growth with inclusion
At the start for the re-election campaign, President Dilma Rousseff will have the opportunity to defend themselves, with the support of four of the largest economies in the world, the idea that what is being done in Brazil is the best, even without high growth.
As host, Brazil has the power to influence the central theme of the summit and the final declaration. Even if the central themes of the meeting are the implementation of the development bank of the BRICs and the creation of Quota Arrangement Reservation (CRA, its acronym in English), Brazil's proposed theme is "inclusive growth, sustainable solutions."
The intention is to show that there are other models of development and the BRICs is not just a simple acronym (a word that joins early, often at random) or a group of fast-growing emerging economies. Would be an alternative for countries that have managed to grow reducing inequality and poverty, even though the rates are still high. The plenary of the presidents, tomorrow should be centered on the idea that the five BRICS countries are an example of "do better for more people."
The AGENDA
• The summit begins on Monday, 14, at the Events Center of Ceará, with the economic area meeting.
• On Tuesday, 15, at 10am, the heads of state make the first working session.
• At 15h, is expected to sign acts and speeches of leaders.
• At 18 o'clock, follow to Brasilia, where the summit ends on Wednesday.
A bench to unite five countries with different vocations
The BRICs will create your database development, similar to other international institutions of gender roles. Name: New Development Bank (NDB). This will be the major announcement of the summit that begins today. The institution will be based in Shanghai or New Delhi, with an initial investment of U.S. $ 10 billion.
Undersecretary for Political Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador José Alfredo Graça Lima, emphasized that the development bank and also the relief fund that will be created during the Brics summit in Fortaleza are lack of response to changes in IMF (IMF).
- The BRIC countries have proposals to reform the IMF that are not being met for known reasons. In a way, the creation of Arrangement (the Arrangement Reservation Quota, CRA, institution distress) and the bank meets this need - Graça Lima said. - But not only that. As the bank and the arrangement are mirrors of the World Bank and IMF, show the ability of the BRICs not rely on these institutions.
In 2010, the IMF approved reforms intended to give greater weight to emerging countries, at the expense of developed economies, which lost out on the world stage with the 2008 crisis. Approval of the changes, however, finds strength precisely in the countries that lose space.
For Russia, the financial issue is relevant, since the Ukrainian crisis isolated country. Excluded from the G-8, Moscow is on the brink of recession due to the threat of international sanctions hovering over its economy. Graça Lima said that the Fortaleza Declaration, the outcome document of the meeting will be about 50 paragraphs, and a preliminary version is already under consideration by leaders representing each country with the group. The idea is that today, when the ministers of the economic area will work meeting, since there is the final version.
The challenge is to show unity and strength. The Council on Foreign Relations (American organization based in New York, designed to monitor international politics) even predicted the meeting on your calendar of events. The BRICs have no mechanisms for consultation to take common decisions. Are countries of natures, bends and different interests. The NDB would be the catalyst.
Prime Minister meets President Xi Jinping of China in Fortaliza, Brazil on the sidelines of BRICS Summit 6th. Photo courtesy: M. Asokan, Photo Division (July 14, 2014)
Read all the latest news from Zero Hour
The BRICs (in English, "bricks" means "brick"), a group representing the emerging countries as a way of counteracting the powers, is made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Both Argentina and Russia need to put bricks in the construction of a condominium able to give them support in a moment of weakness.
In the Argentine case, it is seeking support in crisis speculative lenders who charge him in court 100% of the value of securities not renegotiated its debt - is 7% of creditors (the other 93% accepted the restructuring, but may come to the same charge, claiming equality).
In the Russian case, the attempt is to ease the isolation to which the country underwent during the confrontation in Ukraine.
- The summit of the Brics will be a stage for Putin (President Vladimir Putin of Russia) and Cristina (President Cristina Kirchner of Argentina) speak to the world and prove within a zone of influence that does not depend on large West - she says Deisy Ventura, Institute of International Relations, University of São Paulo (USP).
Deisy considers the strategic meeting, especially to Argentina, the country that curiously not part of the group - at least for now, since China defends his ticket, possibly with the support of the Russian weight. This possibility became clearer on Saturday when Putin visited Cristina in Buenos Aires, on coming to Brazil, and both spoke on "strategic alliance".
- For Argentina, in particular, is a light at the end of the tunnel, because the BRICs should finally announce the agreement on its development bank, which, if it works, can bring new balance between financial institutions that exist today - estimates USP professor.
For years Russia advocates the inclusion Argentine group. With the debt crisis, this appeal has gained in urgency and herded China. The issue is not limited to support for the South American country, seeking a payment plan as painless as possible.
There is a fear that the victory of "vulture funds" in the United States Justice take a systemic character, later reaching other countries that had irrigated economy by speculative capital.
The meeting of the Brics must give priority to discussions around the creation of the Development Bank of the five countries, which would give them a nonexistent today cohesion. The goal is to be an alternative to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the World Bank. Besides capital of $ 100 billion that aims to reach the word "alternative" is music to the ears Argentines.
And is this even the tone of the meeting in Fortaleza. Given the poor economic performance of Brazil and Russia, the presidents of the BRIC countries will try to change the tone to emphasize instead the importance of the emerging global recovery after the crisis, the option represented by the group, combining growth with reducing inequality. Is this indeed the main message in the summit declaration.
Main focus is to show growth with inclusion
At the start for the re-election campaign, President Dilma Rousseff will have the opportunity to defend themselves, with the support of four of the largest economies in the world, the idea that what is being done in Brazil is the best, even without high growth.
As host, Brazil has the power to influence the central theme of the summit and the final declaration. Even if the central themes of the meeting are the implementation of the development bank of the BRICs and the creation of Quota Arrangement Reservation (CRA, its acronym in English), Brazil's proposed theme is "inclusive growth, sustainable solutions."
The intention is to show that there are other models of development and the BRICs is not just a simple acronym (a word that joins early, often at random) or a group of fast-growing emerging economies. Would be an alternative for countries that have managed to grow reducing inequality and poverty, even though the rates are still high. The plenary of the presidents, tomorrow should be centered on the idea that the five BRICS countries are an example of "do better for more people."
The AGENDA
• The summit begins on Monday, 14, at the Events Center of Ceará, with the economic area meeting.
• On Tuesday, 15, at 10am, the heads of state make the first working session.
• At 15h, is expected to sign acts and speeches of leaders.
• At 18 o'clock, follow to Brasilia, where the summit ends on Wednesday.
A bench to unite five countries with different vocations
The BRICs will create your database development, similar to other international institutions of gender roles. Name: New Development Bank (NDB). This will be the major announcement of the summit that begins today. The institution will be based in Shanghai or New Delhi, with an initial investment of U.S. $ 10 billion.
Undersecretary for Political Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador José Alfredo Graça Lima, emphasized that the development bank and also the relief fund that will be created during the Brics summit in Fortaleza are lack of response to changes in IMF (IMF).
- The BRIC countries have proposals to reform the IMF that are not being met for known reasons. In a way, the creation of Arrangement (the Arrangement Reservation Quota, CRA, institution distress) and the bank meets this need - Graça Lima said. - But not only that. As the bank and the arrangement are mirrors of the World Bank and IMF, show the ability of the BRICs not rely on these institutions.
In 2010, the IMF approved reforms intended to give greater weight to emerging countries, at the expense of developed economies, which lost out on the world stage with the 2008 crisis. Approval of the changes, however, finds strength precisely in the countries that lose space.
For Russia, the financial issue is relevant, since the Ukrainian crisis isolated country. Excluded from the G-8, Moscow is on the brink of recession due to the threat of international sanctions hovering over its economy. Graça Lima said that the Fortaleza Declaration, the outcome document of the meeting will be about 50 paragraphs, and a preliminary version is already under consideration by leaders representing each country with the group. The idea is that today, when the ministers of the economic area will work meeting, since there is the final version.
The challenge is to show unity and strength. The Council on Foreign Relations (American organization based in New York, designed to monitor international politics) even predicted the meeting on your calendar of events. The BRICs have no mechanisms for consultation to take common decisions. Are countries of natures, bends and different interests. The NDB would be the catalyst.
Prime Minister meets President Xi Jinping of China in Fortaliza, Brazil on the sidelines of BRICS Summit 6th. Photo courtesy: M. Asokan, Photo Division (July 14, 2014)
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