The researcher Antonio Nobre, the Earth System Science Center (CCST), the National Institute for Space Research arm (INPE) reviewed more than 200 scientific articles on the Amazon and its relation to climate and rainfall in Brazil, and concluded that deforestation in this region influences the water shortage felt in the most populous regions of the country, including the Southeast.
The decrease in the number of trees in the biome prevents the flow of moisture between the North and the South, says the study released on Thursday (30).
The report "The Climate Future of the Amazon", commissioned by Amazon Regional Articulation, network composed of several South American associations, tries to explain the possible causes and effects of recent climate mess and presents solutions that would minimize the negative impacts of these changes.
According to the researcher, the lack of precipitation, felt especially in the Southeast, especially in São Paulo, would be indirect consequence of Amazonian deforestation. Since the early 1970s to 2013, the logging and the gradual deforestation removed the biome 762 979 km² of forest, an area equivalent to two Germanys. Data refer to the total deforestation (called coppicing).
The removal of vegetation cover interrupts the soil moisture flux to the atmosphere. In this way, the "flying rivers", the name given to large moisture clouds, responsible for rains, which are transported by winds from the Amazon to the Midwest, South and Southeast Brazil, not "follow trip", causing water scarcity .
"The dry season is extending for a longer time in the most deforested regions and the rain clouds of air streams are not coming from the still existing forest, in areas that previously arrived. This effect has a direct connection to deforestation, "said Nobre to G1. "The most deforested regions are the output of the Amazon rivers air for the rest of the South South America," he added.
According to research, a day, the Amazon releases into the atmosphere 20 trillion liters of water transpired. Noble compares the strength of trees to geysers, hot springs that periodically throw hot water jets into the air. This sweating, according to the study, makes it even more valuable forest (in addition to its vast biodiversity).
Trend of more deforestation
One of the solutions proposed by the research to avoid discontinuity in the flow of moisture, and thus reduce the worsening drought in Brazil, is zero deforestation in the Amazon. However, this seems far from happening.
Survey presented this month by the organization Institute of Man and Environment in the Amazon (Imazon) showed an increase of 191% on the forest deforestation in August and September 2014, compared to the same quarter of 2013.
Although the data be parallel to the released by the government, which uses the Halt and Prodes systems, the most current information Deter own, referring to June and July, indicated an increase of 195% in the loss of vegetation in the comparison of these periods between 2014 and 2013 .
Another alarming point is that Brazil has not signed the Climate Summit held by the United Nations in September, an agreement designed to halve forest loss by 2020 and reset it by 2030.
The Environment Minister, Izabella Teixeira, said at the time that the country was not "invited to engage in the preparation process" in the declaration. Instead, she said, the country received a copy of UN text, which asked to approve it without permission suggest any changes. The Foreign Ministry added that the document is not the UN, but the countries that have signed, and that the text needed to be improved, so Brazil chose not to sign.
Noble believes the Brazilian government, by not signing the declaration of forests, unaware of the terms present in the current report and has "the hope that such arguments will be absorbed by the negotiators."
At work, he cites other solutions to reverse the crisis situation in the Amazon and its drastic consequences: popularize scientific facts that explain the importance of the biome to the climate; reduce fires that affect the region; recover deforested areas with replanting of new forests; and have "war effort" of government and society to finance conservation actions and halt the degradation.
"The diagnosis is very serious, the threats are real and the solutions are still the power to change this situation," concludes the researcher.
By: Eduardo Carvalho
Source: G1
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